Avoiding Unintended Harms and Embedding Change

Anti‑stigma work can go wrong - sometimes even when intentions are positive. That’s why planning, testing, co‑production and evaluation matter. This page helps you reduce risk and strengthen sustainability.

How anti‑stigma initiatives can backfire

Reinforcing stereotypes

If initiatives repeat myths, labels or dramatic imagery - even to challenge them - they can strengthen harmful associations. This is especially risky if messages rely on shock or simplification.


Increasing social distance

Some messages can make people who use substances feel “fundamentally different”, especially if they over‑emphasise danger, hopelessness, or permanent difference. This can increase fear and avoidance rather than compassion.


Creating resistance

People may respond defensively if they feel blamed (“you’re the problem”) or morally instructed. This is more likely when workloads are high and staff feel unsupported. Framing stigma as socially embedded - not individual moral failure - often reduces resistance.


Harming people with lived experience

If initiatives focus only on problems or deficits, they can increase shame or hopelessness.

Participation can also be re‑traumatising if not properly supported.

Balance the realism and trauma of problematic substance with a carefully planned sense of safety and choice.

Ensure people with lived experience can control what they share about themselves and how they do it.


Treating stigma as only an information problem

Information alone may not shift behaviour, especially if stigma is linked to fear, prejudice, workplace norms or structural constraints. Combine education with skills and structural change where possible.


Practical safeguards

Co‑produce messaging and activities with PWLE from the start

Use person‑first, respectful language

Provide support and fair recognition for lived experience contributors

Test materials with diverse stakeholders before rollout

Monitor impact and be willing to adapt quickly

Embedding change so it lasts

Sustainable stigma reduction is less about one project and more about routine practice. Embed through:

Policies, procedures and governance

Regular dialogue with PWLE and feedback loops

Reflective practice and supervision

Induction and ongoing training

Quick reflection

What is one way you could make stigma reduction part of “how we do things here” - not a separate initiative?